LL-37

LL-37

LL-37 is a 37-amino acid cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and the only known human cathelicidin, derived from the C-terminal domain of the precursor protein hCAP-18 (human cationic antimicrobial protein 18). It is produced by neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, NK cells, and epithelial cells, and has been extensively studied in preclinical research for its antimicrobial activity, immunomodulatory functions, and roles in innate immune signalling.

Mechanism of Action

LL-37 exerts antimicrobial activity primarily through membrane disruption: its amphipathic α-helical structure enables insertion into bacterial, fungal, and viral lipid membranes via carpet or toroidal pore mechanisms. Beyond direct microbicidal activity, LL-37 has been studied in preclinical models for its effects on LPS and LTA neutralisation, TLR4/TLR2-mediated signalling, and chemoattraction of neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells via FPRL1 receptor activation. It has also been investigated for its roles in EGFR and VEGFR signalling, keratinocyte biology, and cancer biology research.

Research Applications

• Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mechanism, membrane disruption, and pore formation studies
• Innate immune modulation, LPS neutralisation, and TLR signalling research
• Keratinocyte biology and angiogenesis investigation
• Cathelicidin biology and host defence peptide research
• Cancer biology, autoimmune disease, and inflammatory signalling models

Specifications

• Molecular Formula: C₂₀₅H₃₄₀N₆₀O₅₃
• Molecular Weight: 4493.3 g/mol
• CAS Number: 154947-66-7
• Purity: ≥98%
• Form: Lyophilised powder
• Storage: -20°C
• Shelf Life: 24 months

This product is intended for legitimate laboratory and analytical research use only. Not for human use, veterinary use, or consumer use. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.