MOTS-c

MOTS-c

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino acid mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 12S ribosomal RNA gene of the mitochondrial genome. It was identified in 2015 by researchers at the University of Southern California as a novel mitochondrial signalling peptide with systemic metabolic regulatory functions. MOTS-c is one of a growing class of mitochondria-derived peptides that act as retrograde signals from the mitochondria to the nucleus and peripheral tissues, and has attracted significant research interest for its roles in metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity, exercise adaptation, and longevity.

Mechanism of Action

MOTS-c translocates from the mitochondria to the nucleus in response to metabolic stress, where it regulates nuclear gene expression by interacting with the antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and activating AMPK signalling. In skeletal muscle, MOTS-c enhances glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation by promoting GLUT4 translocation and inhibiting the folate cycle — a mechanism that reduces de novo purine synthesis and activates AMPK via AICAR accumulation. MOTS-c also modulates the FOXO1 and NRF2 transcription factors, supporting antioxidant defence and mitochondrial biogenesis, and has demonstrated exercise-mimetic effects in preclinical models.

Research Applications

• Mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) signalling and retrograde communication studies
• AMPK activation, glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity research
• Skeletal muscle metabolic adaptation and exercise mimicry investigation
• Folate cycle inhibition and purine biosynthesis regulation research
• Longevity, ageing, and mitochondrial function preclinical models

Specifications

• Molecular Formula:  C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂
• Molecular Weight: 2174.5 g/mol
• CAS Number: 1627580-64-6
• Purity: ≥98%
• Form: Lyophilised powder
• Storage: -20°C
• Shelf Life: 24 months

This product is intended for legitimate laboratory and analytical research use only. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumer use.