HMG

HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin)

Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (HMG) is a purified gonadotropin preparation derived from the urine of postmenopausal women, containing a standardised combination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) activity in an approximately 1:1 ratio, supplied at 75 IU per vial. HMG is one of the most extensively studied gonadotropin preparations in reproductive endocrinology research, with well-characterised pharmacological profiles for both FSH and LH receptor activation. It serves as a research tool for investigating gonadotropin-mediated signalling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and spermatogenesis in preclinical models.

Mechanism of Action

HMG exerts its biological effects through the combined action of its FSH and LH components, each acting on distinct G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in gonadal tissue. FSH binds to the FSH receptor (FSHR) on granulosa cells (female) and Sertoli cells (male), activating Gs-mediated adenylyl cyclase and cAMP/PKA signalling to promote follicular development, aromatase expression, and oestrogen synthesis in females, and to support spermatogenesis and inhibin B production in males. LH binds to the LH receptor (LHR) on theca cells (female) and Leydig cells (male), stimulating androgen synthesis via the cAMP/PKA/StAR pathway — driving testosterone production in males and androstenedione synthesis (for aromatisation to oestradiol) in females. Together, FSH and LH activity in HMG recapitulates the endogenous gonadotropin milieu required for gonadal function, making it a valuable tool for studying HPG axis pharmacology and reproductive biology.

Research Applications

• FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH receptor (LHR) pharmacology and gonadotropin signalling studies
• Folliculogenesis, granulosa cell biology, and ovarian steroidogenesis research
• Spermatogenesis, Sertoli cell function, and male reproductive biology investigation
• HPG axis regulation, gonadotropin feedback, and reproductive neuroendocrinology research
• Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and fertility disorder preclinical models

Specifications

• Molecular Formula: Glycoprotein hormone (FSH + LH, ~1:1 ratio)
• Molecular Weight: ~34 kDa
• CAS Number: 9002-68-0
• Purity: ≥95%
• Form: Lyophilised powder
• Storage: -20°C
• Shelf Life: 24 months

This product is intended for legitimate laboratory and analytical research use only. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumer use.