NAD+

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is an endogenous dinucleotide coenzyme found in all living cells, where it functions as a central mediator of cellular energy metabolism, redox signalling, and DNA repair. It is one of the most extensively studied molecules in biochemistry and ageing research, with a substantial body of preclinical literature demonstrating its roles in mitochondrial function, sirtuin activation, PARP-mediated DNA repair, and circadian rhythm regulation. NAD+ levels decline with age and in conditions of metabolic stress, making it a key research target in longevity, metabolic disease, and neurodegeneration.

Mechanism of Action

NAD+ functions as an essential hydride-transfer coenzyme in over 500 enzymatic reactions, serving as the primary electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) via its reduced form NADH. Beyond its role in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, NAD+ is a critical substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1-7) — NAD+-dependent deacylases that regulate gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, and stress responses — and for PARP enzymes involved in DNA damage repair. NAD+ also serves as a substrate for CD38 and SARM1, enzymes that consume NAD+ in calcium signalling and axonal degeneration pathways respectively, making NAD+ homeostasis a key regulatory node in cellular health and ageing.

Research Applications

• Mitochondrial bioenergetics, ETC function, and oxidative phosphorylation studies
• Sirtuin (SIRT1-7) activation and NAD+-dependent deacylase research
• PARP-mediated DNA damage repair and genome stability investigation
• Ageing, longevity, and NAD+ decline preclinical models
• Metabolic disease, neurodegeneration, and circadian rhythm research

Specifications

• Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂
• Molecular Weight: 663.4 g/mol
• CAS Number: 53-84-9
• Purity: ≥98%
• Form: Lyophilised powder
• Storage: -20°C
• Shelf Life: 24 months

This product is intended for legitimate laboratory and analytical research use only. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumer use.