{"product_id":"thymosin-alpha-1","title":"Thymosin Alpha-1","description":"\u003ch2\u003eThymosin Alpha-1\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino acid peptide naturally derived from prothymosin alpha, a protein produced by the thymus gland. First isolated and characterised in the 1970s, Tα1 has been extensively studied for its role in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. It is one of the most well-characterised immunomodulatory peptides in the research literature, with a broad body of preclinical and clinical data supporting its investigation across infectious disease, oncology, and immunodeficiency models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThymosin Alpha-1 exerts its immunomodulatory effects primarily through activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR2 and TLR9, on dendritic cells and macrophages. This triggers downstream signalling via MyD88 and NF-κB pathways, promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and enhancing T-cell differentiation — particularly towards Th1 responses. Tα1 also upregulates MHC class I and II expression, augments natural killer (NK) cell activity, and has been shown to modulate cytokine profiles including IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate and adaptive immune response modulation studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eT-cell differentiation and Th1\/Th2 balance investigation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNK cell activity and cytotoxicity assays\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInfectious disease and immunodeficiency preclinical models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eC₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 3108.4 g\/mol\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 62304-98-7\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e -20°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShelf Life:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24 months\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis product is intended for legitimate laboratory and analytical research use only. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumer use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Vanta Labs","offers":[{"title":"5mg","offer_id":58103432053000,"sku":"TA1-5MG","price":29.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mg","offer_id":58103432085768,"sku":"TA1-10MG","price":40.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1049\/8886\/8872\/files\/Vanta_Labs_Thymosin_Alpha-1_Vial.png?v=1783028687","url":"https:\/\/vantalabsuk.com\/products\/thymosin-alpha-1","provider":"Vanta Labs","version":"1.0","type":"link"}