{"product_id":"melatonin","title":"Melatonin","description":"\u003ch2\u003eMelatonin\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an endogenous indoleamine neurohormone synthesised primarily in the pineal gland from serotonin via sequential acetylation and methylation. It is the principal hormonal signal of circadian darkness, secreted nocturnally in response to light-dark cycle information relayed from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Melatonin is one of the most extensively studied chronobiological molecules, with well-characterised roles in circadian rhythm entrainment, sleep regulation, antioxidant defence, immune modulation, and oncostatic signalling. It is supplied here as a research-grade compound for in vitro and preclinical investigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMechanism of Action\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelatonin acts primarily through two high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors, MT1 (MTNR1A) and MT2 (MTNR1B), expressed in the SCN, retina, peripheral tissues, and immune cells. MT1 activation inhibits neuronal firing in the SCN via Gi-mediated cAMP suppression, promoting sleep onset and phase-shifting circadian rhythms. MT2 activation modulates phase-shifting responses and retinal dopamine release. Beyond receptor-mediated signalling, melatonin is a potent direct free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, upregulating superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. It also modulates NF-κB signalling, cytokine production, and natural killer cell activity, supporting its investigation in neuroimmune and oncology research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMT1\/MT2 receptor pharmacology and circadian rhythm regulation studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSleep-wake cycle, chronobiology, and SCN function research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntioxidant defence, free radical scavenging, and oxidative stress investigation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeuroimmune modulation and cytokine regulation research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOncostatic signalling and cancer biology preclinical models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003eC₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 232.3 g\/mol\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCAS Number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 73-31-4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilised powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e -20°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShelf Life:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24 months\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThis product is intended for legitimate laboratory and analytical research use only. Not for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumer use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Vanta Labs","offers":[{"title":"10mg","offer_id":58103429562632,"sku":"MELA-10MG","price":29.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1049\/8886\/8872\/files\/melatonin.png?v=1782914950","url":"https:\/\/vantalabsuk.com\/products\/melatonin","provider":"Vanta Labs","version":"1.0","type":"link"}